A lot of my fellas told me that I have baby face, sorta. I
look younger than my age. A stranger on the street called me with 'dek' rather
than 'mbak', some of them occasionally asked me which grade I am, then I
answered, "am a college student." Then they told me, "You
look younger, I guess you are a high school student." Kinds like which. If
I could say honestly, I don't really like the baby-face thing, but the idea of
look younger is great. Well, I know this appearance judgement is very subjective.
Am not that fully or literally baby face, but surely I look younger. That's it.
Despite all those designations toward me, despite that
younger thing, I want to show them that I have a very sophisticated mind. My
personality indicates the rarest one amongst women. I have plans and goals
including backups. I keep on track to reach my ambitions. I handle things on my
own. I have taste in heavy reading. I have bla bla bla and bla bla bla which
eventually make you feel irritating. The point is...
This look and personality
bring to an irony.
Ferdinand de Saussure once defined 'langue' and 'parole' as
a code and a message, form and expression, a concrete manifestation and an
abstract knowledge. 'Baby face' is a langue and its parole
is 'babyish, childish appeareance, small-featured face'. 'Sophisticated'
is the langue and 'a high degree of complexity' is its parole. The
form and expression between both is irony. It shows each other's contrary.
I hate it when people see me as a girl, THAT girl, as my
surface structure which unconsciously bring their brain into an abstract
conception called unsophisticated mind I have. "Hey, philosophy is not
type of your reading, right? kid books are more suitable for you." /
"It is kind of weird looking at you, doing something which preferred done
by someone older than you." / "b o c a h" / or whatever kinds of
remarks they say to me. The bottom line is I hate the irony.
Consequently, I occasionally adjust my behavior like a
little girl, but deep down inside I prefer to look like a sophisticated woman.
However, people want to see what they think it is right to see, and sometimes
what's already in you cannot be denied so much. Well, yeah I hate the
irony, but a plus pro is the idea of look younger, right?
Above all I figure out, either in their identity or
personality, everyone is undercover. Including when I said, "I am
sophisticated."
Key words:
Kasus Perundungan (Bully) terhadap Farhan di Universitas Gunadarma, Bullying, Efek
Bully terhadap Korban Bully, Tipe-tipe Bullying, Hasty Generalization,
Gunadarma diblacklist perusahaan.
Before I
start this post, lemme show you the bullying video which befell to Farhan (19).
Pertama kali nonton video itu, what inside my mind was: Masih zaman bullying? Ridiculously the culprit was a college student
who supposedly has left that kinda thing a.k.a bullying. Korban bully bernama Farhan yang katanya mengidap autisme, tapi saya membaca salah satu berita yang
menyatakan bahwa korban bukanlah pengidap autisme. Terlepas korban pengidap autisme atau tidak, tetap saja tindakan bullying
tidak dapat dibenarkan. How much perfect are you by being dare enough to bully
someone? Apalagi pelakunya teman kelas sendiri which I don’t get it why, in the
video shows his friends didn’t defend Farhan anymore. Oh my God *facepalmed*
You know how bullying affects the victim?
According to a website called stopbullying(dot)gov which
provides nearly every information regarding bullying, korban bully dapat
mengalami masalah fisik, sekolah, dan kesehatan mental. In detail, it is
mentioned that the victim are more likely to experience:
·“Depression and anxiety,
increased feelings of sadness and loneliness, changes in sleep and eating
patterns, and loss of interest in activities they used to enjoy. These issues
may persist into adulthood.
·Health complaints
·Decreased academic
achievement—GPA and standardized test scores—and school participation. They are
more likely to miss, skip, or drop out of school.”
Di
point pertama disebutkan bahwa efek-efek tersebut dapat bertahan sampai ia
dewasa, tapi yang pasti semua efek itu tergantung korbannya; ada yang mengalami
itu semua, sebagian, atau hanya beberapa. For how long those effects may happen
to the victim is also depend on the victim. Yang jelas, ketika berangkat ke
sekolah atau kampus dan tahu you are going to be bullied (like serious
bullying) by your own classmates, itu rasanya nyesek banget. Despite all the mentioned effects above, dengan
membully, para pembully itu sudah merusak momen yang seharusnya produktif dan
indah di sekolah / kampus menjadi menyeramkan. Bagaimana jika korban termasuk
orang yang mudah menyerah dan bermental lemah? You have no idea. Really.
Terlebih lagi jikalau korbannya mengidap penyakit terbelakang. You have no idea
plus plus plus the bully sort of a heartless and brainless person.
However,
by being bullied leads you to be a stronger person in the future. Saya yakin
Farhan jadi sosok yang lebih kuat dan tangguh diantara teman-temannnya. The
good news is semua efek negatif itu bisa dialihkan menjadi energi yang lebih positif yang bisa mengubah
keadaan korban menjadi lebih baik. Am pretty sure that Farhan is able to handle
all those things and be the most successful person amongst his classmates later
in years ahead.
Oke, cukup tentang efek bullying. We are heading to another topic concerning
Gunadarma University. Dengan menjadi viralnya kasus Farhan di banyak media di
Indonesia: media berita online, media TV swasta nasional dan TVRI, media sosial
terutama Instagram (IG) yang mana kasus ini sendiri diviralkan pertama kali
oleh akun IG TNBG (thenewbikingregetan) and Lambe Turah in which sampai sekarang
kasus pembullyan Farhan masih diblow up oleh media-media Indonesia yang membuat
nama universitas ikut tercoreng. Siapa sih yang gak malu terkenal karena
‘baunya? Jadi, saat ini banyak
sekali pihak yang memandang sebelah mata pada Gunadarma. Lucunya, banyak
netizen yang mengomentari video pembullyan Farhan di Instagram OOT alias Out of
Topic atau keluar jalur. Videonya tentang pembullyan, yang dikomen malah
kualitas Gunadarma dan tidak sedikit dari netizen yang secara eksplisit
berkomentar dengan nada negatif yang provokatif. Contohnya:
Gross!
It’s really nasty right?! First, si mbak (let’s call it si mbak) ini
berkomentar dengan Bahasa yang tidak santun. Second, penggunaan EYD Bahasa Indonesia yang terlalu berantakan
di komentar tersebut. Third, si mbak ini berkomentar dengan MENJUSTIFIKASI Universitas
Gunadarma dengan satu sampel yaitu: video tentang pembullyan pada Farhan. It
reminds me to a short story entitled “Love
is a Fallacy” by Max Schulman who mentioned 7 types of fallacy. Ada satu
fallacy (kesalahan) yang disebut oleh Schulman bernama Hasty Generalization
(Generalisasi yang Gegabah). Singkatnya, “Hasty
generalization is a fallacy in which a conclusion is not logically justified by
sufficient or unbiased evidence” (Nordquist, 2017). Kesimpulan yang diambil
dengan bukti yang terlalu terbatas sehingga kesimpulan tersebut cenderung tidak
logis disebabkan kurangnya data atau bukti yang mendukung. Hal ini menyebabkan
justifikasi yang gegabah, tidak valid, dan tidak dapat dipercaya begitu saja.
Si
mbak membandingkan antara UI dan Gunadarma dengan pernyataan-pernyataan yang
gegabah dan cenderung semena-mena. Darimana dia tahu yang sebenarnyakalau UI itu X, Gundar itu Y dalam kasus ini? Pernyataannya
provokatif pula, yang mana bisa menimbulkan kesan negatif dan salah paham
terhadap Universitas Gunadarma. Beberapa orang menganggap suatu komentar itu
absolut benar bukan? Sehingga mudah terperdaya dan percaya tanpa riset lebih
lanjut. Sudah hasty generalization, judge a book by its coverpula. Padahal yang benar, DONT judge a book by its cover.
There
is a saying “Your words define your
character,” yang Anda ucapkan mencerminkan karakter Anda. Therefore, bisa
dilihatlah ya yang berkomentar semacam si Mbak ini kira-kira seperti apa
karakternya. Sadly, masih banyak komentar-komentar tidak bermutu lain yang
menjustifikasi pihak universitas dengan adanya video tersebut. Banyak sekali.
Bisa dicek di kolom komentar akun IG @thenewbikingregetan. *sceptical*
Orang-orang
yang mengomentari kolom komentar seperti Mbak tersebut, entah dia sadar atau
tidak, sedang melakukan tindakan perundungan (bully) terhadap Universitas
Gunadarma. A website called National
Centre against Bullying menyebutkan bahwa ada 4 tipe bullying, yakni:
physical, verbal, social, and cyber bullying. Tipe komentar seperti di atas
termasuk cyber bullying in which pelaku melontarkan rumor atau hinaan terhadap
pihak yang dibully. Lalu apa faedahnya orang-orang yang berkomentar dengan cara
yang tidak classy itu, yang katanya mengecam tindakan bully, tapi diwaktu yang
sama mereka juga melakukan tindakan cyber bullying? It’s funny right?
Tidak
cukup sampai disitu, kasus bully ini jadi melebar kemana-kemana. For instance:
WHAT?!!
Speechless.
Absolutely. Kenapa jadi ke blacklist Gunadarma? *facepalmed for a hundred time*
Terlepas
itu benar atau tidak, persoalan mengenai blacklist Gunadarma ini sudah menjadi
rumor. Tentunya rumor tersebut membuat resah mahasiswa Gunadarma terutama
angkatan 2013 yang tahun ini akan lulus. Basicly banyak angkatan 2013 yang
pasti melamar pekerjaan atau magang tahun ini. Kalau diblacklist, lah gimana
ceritanya?
Jikalau
rumor itu benar dan beberapa perusahaan memblacklist Gunadarma untuk jangka
waktu tertentu karena kasus tersebut, I just wanna say: you are being
outrageous. How come? Because you just commit to hasty generalization and
injustice.
Sebenarnya
persoalannya simpel, yang salah di sini tentunya yang membully dan kenapa jadi
semua mahasiswa Gunadarma terkena imbasnya? Kenyataannya di lapangan mahasiswa
Gunadarma mengecam keras tindakan tersebut dengan melaporkan kasus tersebut ke
pihak kampus tanpa main hakim sendiri. Bahkan setelah kejadian itu muncul
selembaran-selembaran tersebar di kampus D Gunadarma mengenai anti bullying. Mereka
bersama-sama dengan pihak TNBG mendukung Farhan sepenuhnya dengan #supportfarhan
#farhanadalahkita.
Original Pic by @thenewbikingregetan
See? Justifikasi sebuah populasi dari 1% sample = ketidakadilan, dan mahasiswa Gunadarma tidak layak dipandang buruk karena kasus tersebut.
“Groups are grammatical fictions; only
individual exist, and each individual is different.”
-Robert Anton Wilson
Kita
semua juga tahu bahwa setiap orang berbeda. Kualitas seseorang pun berbeda satu
sama lain. Hal itupun berlaku ketika ada dua orang yang memiliki latar belakang
pendidikan yang sama, pasti hasilnya berbeda. Saya yakin banyak perusahaan
besar dan profesional di Indonesia yang memahami hal tersebut. Therefore, as
Gunadarma students who are going to graduate, you should show to the world that
you are qualified. Don’t worry and let them see your dignity!
Lista
Rani
Sastra
Inggris UG 2013
References
Nordquist, R. (2017, June 30). Definition and
Examples of Hasty Generalization. Retrieved from ThoughtCo:
https://www.thoughtco.com/hasty-generalization-fallacy-1690919
Robert Anton Wilson Quote. (2017). Retrieved from
IZQuotes: http://izquotes.com/quote/200007
Services, U. D. (2017). Effects of Bullying. Retrieved from
stopbullying.gov: https://www.stopbullying.gov/at-risk/effects/index.html
Linguistic is the study of languages. This is an esoteric
knowledge of languages. The specialist of language refers to linguist. The
father of linguistic is Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913). There are still many
other modern linguists beside de Saussure, one of the most popular is Noam
Chomsky with his phenomenal theory Universal
Grammar.
Due to the object of this discipline is language, therefore
scope of linguistics are very broad. Essentially, it is divided into two big
branches i.e. micro and macro linguistics. This article only
discuss about micro linguistic which will be explained generally. However,
writer will make an outline regarding both linguistics.
Micro Linguistic leads to the internal structure of
languages, hence it is a very basic study of linguistic. Otherwise, macro
linguistic refers to the external structure of languages. Micro linguistic
consists of phonology, morphology, syntax, semantic, and pragmatic, meanwhile
macro linguistic includes sociolinguistic, psycholinguistic, neurolinguistics,
stylistic, discourse analysis, computational linguistic, cognitive linguistic,
applied linguistic, historical linguistic, and many more.
Phonology is defined as study relates to the analysis
of speech sounds. Basically, it is composed of phonetic and phonemic.
Phonetic is the branch of phonology that study of how sounds are made via
articulatory and vocal tract by the speaker without concerning whether the
sounds distinguish the meaning or not. Three kinds of phonetics: articulatory, acoustic, and auditory. The most common studied by
language learners is the articulatory
phonetic since it relates to how humans produce speech sound. The other two
relate to field of physic and neurology. Unlike phonetic, phonemic is a phonology branch study that its object refers to phoneme, it is the smallest contrastive
unit in the sound system of language. The sounds that distinguish meaning is
defined as phoneme.
Branch of Phonology
Morphology is the study of word formation and
the structure of words in a language. Words in a language consists of one
element of meaning which are called morphemes.
It is the smallest unit of words that have a meaning that cannot be divided
further. One word can be consist of more than one morpheme. For instance: ‘Reconstruct’is formed by two morphemes Re (morpheme)+ Construct (morpheme) = Reconstruct
(word). Morpheme is divided into free
and bound morpheme. Free
morpheme (FM) can occur alone by
themselves meanwhile bound morpheme (BM)
must occur with another morpheme.
Examples:
FM = Girl Love Boy At The He
BM = -ly re- -ism
FM consists of open
class (lexical / content)i.e.
nouns, verbs, adjectives, and closed
class (functional / grammatical words) i.e. conjunctions, determiners,
prepositions, articles, and pronouns. BM
is contained in affixes and roots. The short explanation of both
are below:
According to Oxford Dictionary online affix is an addition to the base form or stem of a word in order to
modify its meaning or create a new word.
Therefore, the affixes may or may not change meaning and part of speech of
the words. It can be put in the initial (prefix), middle (infix), and in the
end (suffix). For example:
Prefix : inconvenient
Infix :
nowadays
Suffix : helpful
Affix is divided into derivational
(DA)and inflectional affixes (IA).
When DA is added to free morpheme, it commonly changes the part of
speech of the word, such as pay (v)
to payment (n). Otherwise, the
IA doesn’t change the word class e.g. writes
(v) wrote (v) written (v).
Roots are morphemes (not affixes) that may or may not stand alone.
Syntax is the study of sentence structure
i.e. how phrases, clauses, sentences are combined and constructed in particular
language. The structure refers to word order that consists of syntactic
categories i.e. parts of speech (open and closed class), phrase
structure grammars (Noun Phrase (NP), Adjective Phrase (AdjP), Verb Phrase
(VP), Adverb Phrase (AdvP), Preposition Phrase (PP)), and sentence, as
the essential point of the structure. The syntactic categories are illustrated
in a tree diagram called phrase
structure tree.
The phrase structure
tree is also commonly called as tree diagram which provides information
regarding syntactic categories in particular sentence. It is a formal device
for representing speaker’s knowledge about phrase structure. Therefore, if ones
want to make a tree diagram, they need to know phrase structure rules. These
rules define the following:
The parenthesis
signify the categories are optional. Nouns do not constantly have to be
preceded by adjectives and verbs do not always have to be followed by prepositional
phrase.
Semantic and pragmatic are defined as study of meaning. Semantic is internal,
meanwhile pragmatic is external. It means that semantic merely study the
literal meaning of morphemes, words, phrases, clauses, and sentences without
affected by context. It concerns with the relationships between signs or symbols,
concept, and what they represent, and it does not account for any implied
meaning.
Meanwhile, pragmatic refers to how context affects meaning.
It focuses on the use of language in particular situation. Thus, pragmatic
constantly concerns with factor outside (external) of language which speakers
communicate using language. For example, when you and your friend stay in a hot
temperature room, then your friend says, “It’s
really hot here”, that person may imply to “Open the window, please or turn
on the air conditioner, please.” Your friend does not merely express
her/his feeling about the real situation through a statement “It’s really hot here,” he/she implies
something else. Therefore, it is not a literal meaning.
Due to this post only aim to introduce linguistics
generally, there are still a lot of things to observe regarding linguistics. In
the following, there are some e-books, presentations, and videos about linguistics that are needed to
fulfill your further curiosity toward languages and linguistics. Break a leg!
Andriyani, E. (2013,
April). Syntax. Retrieved from www.slideshare.net:
https://www.slideshare.net/Andriyanieka12/10-syntax-syntax-phrases-18509446
AR-Apps. (2015).
Basic Linguistic.
H.P, A., &
Abdullah, A. (2013). Linguistik Umum. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Introduction to
(Applying) Linguistics. (2007/2008). Retrieved from www.fb10.uni-bremen.d:
http://www.fb10.uni-bremen.de/anglistik/ling/gk-lingintro07/org/ws0708/exam-answer-sheet1.htm
Leon, R. D. (2015,
July 30). Retrieved from www.slideshare.net: https://www.slideshare.net/renedictdeleon/morphology-linguistics-51088052
Nelson, B. (2016).
Retrieved from slideplayer.com: http://slideplayer.com/slide/6392679/
Online, O. D. (2017,
April 29). Retrieved from English Oxford Living Dictionaries: https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/affix
